Fruits

1. mansana

   Apple

   Usage

   A loan from Spanish manzana; Aymara has no native word. Sold in altiplano markets all the same

   Grammar Note

   The spelling follows the rule of ending loanwords in a vowel and replacing z with s (the same rule as spelling a weekday Lunisa). 'Apple fruit' can also be said mansan achunaka

2. puquta

   Banana

   Usage

   A native Aymara word. Bananas do not grow on the altiplano; they come up from the Yungas lowlands

   Grammar Note

   Puquta corresponds to plátano (banana) and is described as 'an edible sweet fruit'

3. naranja

   Orange

   Usage

   A Spanish loan, but one that appears unchanged inside Aymara prose. The colour term is the same word

   Grammar Note

   Naranja also has a variant spelling, laranja

4. uva

   Grape

   Usage

   A Spanish word used as is. Grapes grow in the valleys of Tarija and Cinti, not on the highlands

5. frutilla

   Strawberry

   Usage

   A Spanish word used as is (like sandía and limón). In Bolivian markets it is called frutilla rather than fresa

6. sandía

   Watermelon

   Usage

   A Spanish word used as is. This fruit is brought up from the lowlands

7. achupalla

   Pineapple

   Usage

   A native Aymara word. The scientific name is Ananas comosus

   Grammar Note

   Besides achupalla, the Spanish piña is sometimes used as is in Aymara writing

8. kuku

   Coconut

   Usage

   A borrowing from Spanish coco. 'Coconut milk' is sometimes written kuku lichi

   Grammar Note

   Aymara has only three vowels (a, i, u) and no o, so coco surfaces as kuku. The old koko contained an o and is not a possible Aymara spelling

9. limón

   Lime / Lemon

   Usage

   A Spanish word used as is. There is also another citrus fruit, lima (sweet lime)

10. catuña

    Mango

    Usage

    A native Aymara form, spelled catuña

    Grammar Note

    The Aymara alphabet has no c, but this spelling is what is used. It is a different word from the verb katuña ('to grasp, to receive'; challwa katuña means 'to fish')

11. durian

    Durian

    Usage

    A Southeast Asian fruit unknown in the Andes; neither an Aymara nor a loan form exists, so it is left in English

12. mangosteen

    Mangosteen

    Usage

    A Southeast Asian fruit unknown in the Andes; left in English for want of an Aymara form (the old mangostán was Spanish)

13. papaya

    Papaya

    Usage

    It grows in the lowlands. Papaya is spelled the same in English and Spanish

14. lychee

    Lychee

    Usage

    An East Asian fruit unknown in the Andes; left in English for want of an Aymara form

15. rambutan

    Rambutan

    Usage

    A Southeast Asian fruit unknown in the Andes; left in English for want of an Aymara form

16. dragon fruit

    Dragon fruit

    Usage

    Left in English for want of an Aymara form. The old dragon frutu was neither English nor Aymara

17. longan

    Longan

    Usage

    An East Asian fruit unknown in the Andes; left in English for want of an Aymara form

18. jackfruit

    Jackfruit

    Usage

    A South Asian fruit unknown in the Andes; left in English for want of an Aymara form

19. tamarindo

    Tamarind

    Usage

    A Spanish word used as is. It is a lowland fruit and is not seen on the highlands

20. guayaba

    Guava

    Usage

    A Spanish word used as is. It grows in the Yungas lowlands

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