Diving & Water Sports

1. Uma manqharu tuyuntaña muntwa.

   U-ma man-qha-ru tu-yun-ta-ña mun-twa.

   I'd like to go scuba diving.

   Usage

   Expressing desire to scuba dive

   Grammar Note

   The old uñtayaña means 'to show, to make known' (Vocabulario Políglota Incaico 1905: hacer conocer), not 'to dive'. Callo Ticona 2009 renders bucear as Uma manqharu tuyuntaña, 'to swim submerged', and that phrase is used here. The old card also contradicted itself, listing uñtayana against a text reading uñtayañax — an ñ collapsed to n

2. Certificado buzo wakisiti?

   Is a diving certification required?

   Usage

   Asking if certification is needed

   Grammar Note

   "wakisiña" is the verb "to be necessary", and the question is formed with -ti (same pattern as "Receta wakisiti?" on other cards). The old kayus is a form of kayu "foot/leg", not "necessary"

3. Kawkhansa traje de buzo alkilasiña utji?

   Kaw-khan-sa tra-je de bu-zo al-ki-la-si-ña ut-ji?

   Where can I rent a wetsuit?

   Usage

   Finding wetsuit rental

   Grammar Note

   'To rent' is alkilasiña (a coinage based on Spanish alquilar). Native options are mayt'aña 'to lend' and arintaña (arrendar, alquilar)

4. Aka buzo sitio qawqha fondo?

   How deep is this dive site?

   Usage

   Checking dive depth

   Grammar Note

   "fondo" from Spanish

5. Akana tiburones o peligrosos animales utjit?

   Are there sharks or dangerous marine animals here?

   Usage

   Checking for dangerous marine life

   Grammar Note

   Spanish loanwords are used

6. Jichha uru lamar condiciones sumakis buzoñataki?

   Are conditions good for diving today?

   Usage

   Checking diving conditions

   Grammar Note

   "suma" = "good" in Aymara

7. Snorkel lurañax muntwa.

   I'd like to try snorkeling.

   Usage

   Expressing desire to snorkel

   Grammar Note

   "snorkel" borrowed from English. This language's data spelled "I want" four different ways — muntha, munxta, munta and muntwa. The person markers of the Aymara simple present are -t for the 1st person, -ta for the 2nd and -i for the 3rd (UniMorph aym: munt V;PRS;1;SG / munta V;PRS;2;SG / muni V;PRS;3;SG), so the bare 1st and 2nd person forms are ambiguous. Only the assertive forms muntwa (1st) and muntawa (2nd) separate them unambiguously, so the 1st person "I want" is standardised here as muntwa. Munxta is not a person form at all.

8. Barco buzo reservañ muntwa

   Can I book a boat dive?

   Usage

   Booking a boat dive

   Grammar Note

   Both borrowed from Spanish. "I want to book" uses the same frame as "Reservañ muntwa" on other cards; the old yatxatäm (yatxataña "to perceive") was not a permission expression

9. Arrecife de coral kawkins?

   Where is the coral reef?

   Usage

   Finding the coral reef

   Grammar Note

   Spanish geographic terms are used

10. Nayx certificado buzotwa, PADI Open Water.

    I'm a certified diver — PADI Open Water.

    Usage

    Presenting diving certification

    Grammar Note

    "-twa" is a copula "I am"

11. Surf yatichayasiñ muntwa.

    I'd like a surfing lesson.

    Usage

    Requesting a surfing lesson

    Grammar Note

    "yatichayasiña" means "to be taught (have someone teach me)". The old enseñar (Spanish "to teach") put the speaker in the teacher's role, the opposite of "I'd like a lesson".This language's data spelled "I want" four different ways — muntha, munxta, munta and muntwa. The person markers of the Aymara simple present are -t for the 1st person, -ta for the 2nd and -i for the 3rd (UniMorph aym: munt V;PRS;1;SG / munta V;PRS;2;SG / muni V;PRS;3;SG), so the bare 1st and 2nd person forms are ambiguous. Only the assertive forms muntwa (1st) and muntawa (2nd) separate them unambiguously, so the 1st person "I want" is standardised here as muntwa. Munxta is not a person form at all.

12. Corriente / marea condicion kunas?

    What are the current / tide conditions?

    Usage

    Checking current and tide conditions

    Grammar Note

    Marine terms use Spanish

13. Uma manqhan peligro señal kunasa?

    What is the emergency signal underwater?

    Usage

    Learning underwater emergency signals

    Grammar Note

    Both borrowed from Spanish

14. Tabla de surf alkilasiña muntwa.

    Ta-bla de surf al-ki-la-si-ña mun-twa.

    I'd like to rent a surfboard.

    Usage

    Renting a surfboard

    Grammar Note

    'To rent' is alkilasiña (a coinage based on Spanish alquilar). Native options are mayt'aña 'to lend' and arintaña (arrendar, alquilar)

15. Qalltiri jaqinakans kawkins suma sitio?

    What's the best spot for beginners?

    Usage

    Finding beginner-friendly spots

    Grammar Note

    "sitio" from Spanish "place"

16. Aka buzo qawqha pachatan?

    How long is the dive?

    Usage

    Checking dive duration

    Grammar Note

    "pachatan" asks about duration

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